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What is far less known about these groundbreakers is that they were bound not just by their music or even the discrimination that they

The Arts and Crafts of Literacy: Islamic Manuscript Cultures in Sub-Saharan Africa ‎ Ixia Press whites naturalized black subjection withinDuring the last two decades, the (re )discovery of thousands of manuscripts in different regions of sub Saharan Africa has questioned the long standing approach of Africa as a continent only characterized by orality and legitimately assigned to the continent the status of a civilization of written literacy. However, most of the existing studies mainly aim at serving literary and historical purposes, and focus only on the textual dimension of the